1. Ho fokotsa mafura
The degreasing ke ho tlosa grease holim'a workpiece le ho fetisetsa mafura ka lintho tse qhibilihang ka har'a lintho tse qhibilihang kapa emulsify le ho qhala mafura hore e be evenly le stably ka mokelikeli oa ho hlapa e thehiloeng saponification, solubilization, wetting, dispersion le emulsification liphello ka mefuta e fapaneng ya grease ho tloha degreasing. baemeli.Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba ho fokotseha ke: bokaholimo ba mochini oa mosebetsi ha boa lokela ho ba le mafura a bonoang, emulsion kapa litšila tse ling ka mor'a ho theoha, 'me bokaholimo bo lokela ho kolobisoa ka ho felletseng ke metsi ka mor'a ho hlatsoa.The degreasing boleng haholo-holo itšetlehile ka lintlha tse hlano, ho akarelletsa le alkalinity mahala, mocheso oa degreasing tharollo, nako ea ho sebetsa, ketso ea mechine, le dikahare tsa oli tsa degreasing tharollo.
1.1 Alkalinity ea Mahala (FAL)
Ke mohopolo o nepahetseng feela oa moemeli oa degreasing o ka fihlelang phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa.Alkalinity ea mahala (FAL) ea tharollo ea degreasing e lokela ho bonoa.FAL e tlase e tla fokotsa phello ea ho tlosa oli, 'me FAL e phahameng e tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa, e eketse moroalo oa ho hlatsoa ka mor'a phekolo, esita le ho silafatsa holim'a ts'ebetso le phosphating.
1.2 Mocheso oa tharollo ea degreasing
Mofuta o mong le o mong oa tharollo ea degreasing o lokela ho sebelisoa ka mocheso o loketseng ka ho fetisisa.Haeba mocheso o tlase ho feta litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, tharollo ea degreasing e ke ke ea fana ka papali e felletseng ho degreasing;haeba mocheso o phahame haholo, tšebeliso ea matla e tla eketseha, 'me liphello tse mpe li tla hlaha, kahoo moemeli oa degreasing o fetoha mouoane ka potlako' me lebelo le potlakileng la ho omisa holim'a metsi, le tla baka mafome, matheba a alkali le oxidation, le ama boleng ba phosphating ea ts'ebetso e latelang. .Taolo ea mocheso e ikemetseng le eona e lokela ho lekanyetsoa khafetsa.
1.3 Nako ea ho sebetsa
The degreasing tharollo e tlameha ho kopana ka ho feletseng le oli holim'a workpiece bakeng sa ho kopana ho lekaneng le nako ea ho itšoara, ho finyella phello e ntle ea ho senya.Leha ho le joalo, haeba nako ea degreasing e le telele haholo, botsoa ba sebaka sa mosebetsi bo tla eketseha.
1.4 Ts'ebetso ea mochini
Ho potoloha ha pompo kapa ho sisinyeha ha workpiece ts'ebetsong ea degreasing, ho tlatselletsoa ke ts'ebetso ea mochini, ho ka matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa oli le ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho qoelisoa le ho hloekisa;lebelo la ho tlotsa mafura ka makgetlo a fetang 10 hofeta la ho qoela.
1.5 Likahare tsa oli tsa tharollo ea degreasing
Tšebeliso e nchafalitsoeng ea mokelikeli oa ho hlapa e tla tsoela pele ho eketsa mafura a oli ka har'a mokelikeli oa ho hlapa, 'me ha lihlahisoa tsa oli li fihla ho tekanyo e itseng, phello e senyang le ho hloekisa hantle ha moemeli oa ho senya ho tla theoha haholo.Bohloeki ba sebaka sa mosebetsi se tšoaroang bo ke ke ba ntlafatsoa le haeba motsoako o phahameng oa tharollo ea tanka o bolokoa ka ho eketsa lik'hemik'hale.Mokelikeli o pholileng o tsofetseng le o senyehileng o tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka bakeng sa tanka eohle.
2. Acid pickling
Mafome a hlaha ka holim'a tšepe e sebelisoang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa ha e phuthoa kapa e bolokoa le ho tsamaisoa.Lera la mafome le nang le sebopeho se hlephileng 'me le ke ke la khomarela ka thata ho lisebelisoa tsa motheo.The oxide le tšepe ea tšepe li ka etsa sele e ka sehloohong, e leng ho tsoelang pele ho khothalletsa ho bola ha tšepe le ho etsa hore lesela le senyehe ka potlako.Ka hona, mafome a tlameha ho hloekisoa pele a penta.Hangata mafome a ntšoa ka ho phunya acid.Ka lebelo le potlakileng la ho tlosa mafome le theko e tlase, ho khetha asiti ho ke ke ha senya tšebetso ea tšepe 'me ho ka tlosa mafome sekhutlong se seng le se seng.Pickling e lokela ho finyella litlhoko tsa boleng ba hore ho se ke ha e-ba le oxide e bonahalang e bonahalang, mafome le ho phunya ho feteletseng holim'a mosebetsi o khethiloeng.Lintlha tse amang phello ea ho tlosoa ha mafome ke haholo-holo tse latelang.
2.1 Asiti ea Mahala (FA)
Ho lekanya acidity e sa lefelloeng (FA) ea tanka ea pickling ke mokhoa o tobileng le o sebetsang oa tlhahlobo ea ho netefatsa phello ea ho tlosa mafome ea tanka ea pickling.Haeba acidity ea mahala e le tlase, phello ea ho tlosa mafome e mpe.Ha acidity ea mahala e phahame haholo, moholi oa asiti sebakeng sa mosebetsi o moholo, o sa khoneng ho sireletsa mosebetsi;bokaholimo ba tšepe bo na le "ho feta-etching";'me ho thata ho hloekisa acid e setseng, e bakang tšilafalo ea tharollo ea tanka e latelang.
2.2 Mocheso le nako
Boholo ba pickling bo etsoa ka mocheso oa kamore, 'me ho khethoa ha mocheso ho lokela ho etsoa ho tloha ho 40 ℃ ho ea ho 70 ℃.Le hoja mocheso o na le tšusumetso e kholo ntlafatsong ea bokhoni ba ho khetha, mocheso o phahameng haholo o tla mpefatsa ho bola ha sesebelisoa le lisebelisoa mme o be le phello e mpe tikolohong ea mosebetsi.Nako ea pickling e lokela ho ba khutšoanyane ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ha mafome a tlositsoe ka ho feletseng.
2.3 Tšilafalo le botsofali
Ts'ebetsong ea ho tlosa mafome, tharollo ea asiti e tla tsoela pele ho tlisa oli kapa litšila tse ling, 'me litšila tse emisitsoeng li ka ntšoa ka ho hlajoa.Ha li-ion tsa tšepe tse qhibilihang li feta lintho tse itseng, phello ea ho tlosa mafome ea tharollo ea tanka e tla fokotseha haholo, 'me li-ion tsa tšepe tse feteletseng li tla kopanngoa ka tanka ea phosphate le masala a holim'a mosebetsi, ho potlakisa tšilafalo le botsofali ba tharollo ea tanka ea phosphate, le e amang haholo boleng ba phosphating ea workpiece.
3. Ho kenya tšebetsong sefahleho
Surface activating agent e ka felisa ho lekana ha workpiece holim'a metsi ka lebaka la ho tlosoa ha oli ka alkali kapa mafome ho tlosoa ka pickling, e le hore ho thehoe litsi tse ngata tse ntle haholo tsa kristale holim'a tšepe, ka hona ho potlakisa lebelo la ho itšoara ha phosphate le ho khothalletsa ho thehoa. ea liaparo tsa phosphate.
3.1 Boleng ba metsi
Mafome a tebileng a metsi kapa khatello e phahameng ea calcium le magnesium ion ka tharollo ea tanka e tla ama botsitso ba tharollo e sebetsang holim'a metsi.Li-softeners tsa metsi li ka eketsoa ha ho lokisoa tharollo ea tanka ho felisa tšusumetso ea boleng ba metsi holim'a tharollo e sebetsang holim'a metsi.
3.2 Sebelisa nako
Sesebelisoa se sebetsang ka holim'a metsi hangata se entsoe ka letsoai la colloidal titanium le nang le ts'ebetso ea colloidal.Ts'ebetso ea colloidal e tla lahleha ka mor'a hore moemeli a sebelisoe nako e telele kapa li-ion tse sa hloekang li eketsehe, e leng se etsang hore ho be le sedimentation le layering ea mokelikeli oa ho hlapa.Kahoo mokelikeli oa ho hlapa o tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka.
4. Phosphating
Phosphating ke ts'ebetso ea karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale le tsa electrochemical ho theha phosphate ea phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale, e tsejoang hape ka hore ke phosphate coating.Tharollo ea zinc phosphating ea mocheso o tlase e sebelisoa hangata ho penta ea libese.Sepheo se seholo sa phosphating ke ho fana ka tšireletso ho tšepe ea motheo, ho thibela tšepe ho senya ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho khomarela le ho thibela ho bola ha lera la filimi ea pente.Phosphating ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ts'ebetso eohle ea pele ho phekolo, 'me e na le mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho itšoara le lintlha tse ngata, kahoo ho thata ho laola mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea phosphate bath fluid ho feta mokelikeli o mong oa ho hlapa.
4.1 Karo-karolelano ea asiti (karolelano ea asiti e felletseng ho asiti ea mahala)
Keketseho ea asiti e ka potlakisa sekhahla sa karabelo ea phosphating mme ea etsa phosphatingho roalamosesane.Empa karo-karolelano ea acid e phahameng haholo tla etsa hore lera barbotage haholo tšesaane, e leng tla etsa hore molora ho phosphating workpiece;Karo-karolelano ea acid e tlase e tla liehisa lebelo la karabelo ea phosphating, e fokotse ho hanyetsa kutu, 'me e etse hore kristale ea phosphating e fetohe mahoashe le e porous, e lebisang ho mafome a mosehla holim'a phosphating workpiece.
4.2 Mocheso
Haeba mocheso oa mokelikeli oa ho hlapa o eketsehile ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, lebelo la ho bopa ho roala le potlakisa.Empa mocheso o phahameng haholo o tla ama phetoho ea karo-karolelano ea acid le botsitso ba mokelikeli oa ho hlapa, le ho eketsa palo ea slag ho tsoa mokelikeli oa ho hlapa.
4.3 Bongata ba sediment
Ka karabelo e tsoelang pele ea phosphate, tekanyo ea sediment ka har'a mokelikeli oa bateng e tla eketseha butle-butle, 'me sediment e feteletseng e tla ama sebopeho sa sebopeho sa workpiece, e leng se etsang hore ho be le lerootho la phosphate.Kahoo mokelikeli oa ho hlapa o tlameha ho tšolloa ho latela palo ea mosebetsi o sebetsitsoeng le ho sebelisoa nako.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (maikutlo a accelerating agent)
NO-2 e ka potlakisa lebelo la karabelo ea phosphate, ea ntlafatsa ho tiea le ho hanyetsa ha kutu ea phosphate coating.Likahare tse phahameng haholo tsa NO-2 li tla etsa hore sekhahla sa ho roala se be bonolo ho hlahisa matheba a masoeu, 'me litaba tse tlase haholo li tla fokotsa lebelo la sebopeho sa ho roala le ho hlahisa mafome a mosehla holim'a seaparo sa phosphate.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Motsoako o phahameng haholo oa mokelikeli oa mokelikeli kapa taolo e mpe ea ho hlatsoa ha bonolo e ka eketsa sulfate radical ka har'a mokelikeli oa phosphate bath, 'me ion e phahameng haholo ea sulfate e tla liehisa lebelo la phosphate reaction, e leng se bakang kristale e mahoashe le e nang le masoba a phosphate, le ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha kutu.
4.6 Ferrous ion Fe2+
Lintho tse nang le ferrous ion tse ngata ka har'a tharollo ea phosphate li tla fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha phosphate peat ka mocheso oa kamore, ho etsa hore kristale e koahetsoeng ke phosphate e be mahoashe ka mocheso o mahareng, ho eketsa sediment ea tharollo ea phosphate mocheso o phahameng, ho etsa hore tharollo e be seretse, le ho eketsa acidity ea mahala.
5. Ho tima
Sepheo sa ho koala ke ho koala li-pores tsa phosphate coating, ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha eona, 'me haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela ka kakaretso le ho hanyetsa ho bola.Hajoale, ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho koala, e leng, chromium le chromium-free.Leha ho le joalo, letsoai la alkaline inorganic le sebelisoa bakeng sa ho koala 'me bongata ba letsoai le na le phosphate, carbonate, nitrite le phosphate, e ka senyang ho khomarela nako e telele le ho hanyetsa ho bola halikoahelo.
6. Ho hlatsoa metsi
Sepheo sa ho hlatsoa metsi ke ho tlosa mokelikeli o setseng holim'a workpiece ho tloha mokelikeli oa ho hlapa o fetileng, 'me boleng ba ho hlatsoa metsi bo ama ka ho toba boleng ba phosphating ea workpiece le botsitso ba mokelikeli oa ho hlapa.Lintlha tse latelang li lokela ho laoloa nakong ea ho hlatsoa metsi a mokelikeli oa ho hlapa.
6.1 Likahare tsa masalla a litšila ha lia lokela ho ba holimo haholo.Lintho tse phahameng haholo li atisa ho baka molora holim'a workpiece.
6.2 Bokaholimo ba mokelikeli oa ho hlapa ha boa lokela ho ba le litšila tse fanyehiloeng.Ho hlatsoa metsi a phallang hangata ho sebelisoa ho netefatsa hore ha ho na oli e emisitsoeng kapa litšila tse ling holim'a metsi a bateng.
6.3 Theko ea pH ea mokelikeli oa ho hlapa e lokela ho ba haufi le ho se nke lehlakore.pH ea boleng bo phahameng haholo kapa e tlase haholo e tla baka habonolo ho tsamaisa mokelikeli oa bateng, ka hona ho ama botsitso ba mokelikeli o latelang oa ho hlapa.
Nako ea poso: May-23-2022